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Figure 1 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Figure 1

From: Evaluation of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking as determining factors of gene expression for amino acid-substituted gemini surfactant-based DNA nanoparticles

Figure 1

Intracellular trafficking of DNA-delivery vector complexes. This schematic representation indicates the critical barriers in successful gene delivery: cellular uptake, endosomal escape and nuclear localization. A delivery vector interacts with the cell membrane for internalization. Once inside the cell, the delivery vector should facilitate endosomal escape and avoid DNA degradation in lysosomes. Cytoplasmic stability of plasmid DNA and localization in the nucleus are final steps to successful gene transfer.

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