Figure 9From: Evaluation of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking as determining factors of gene expression for amino acid-substituted gemini surfactant-based DNA nanoparticlesDNA-gemini surfactant binding properties. An ethidium bromide dye exclusion assay was performed to determine the binding efficiency of 12-7NH-12 and 12-7NGK-12 with plasmid DNA in the presence of DOPE and heparin (5 U/ml, 10 U/ml and 20 U/ml). At lower concentration of heparin (polyanions), amino-acid substituted gemini exhibited stronger DNA binding compared to unsusbtituted gemini surfactant. At higher concentration (20 U/ml heparin), a significant increase in fluorescence was observed, indicating dissociation of DNA and 12-7NGK-12.Back to article page