Figure 2

G5-NH ₂ (0.1 mg/ml, 30 min) induces intracellular Ca²⁺ enhancements in astroglial and neuronal cells as monitored with the fluorescent Ca²⁺ indicator Fluo-4. A: Left: Co-localization (yellow cells pointed by blue arrows) of astroglial cells stained with the astroglia-specific marker SR101 (red) with the Ca²⁺ indicator Fluo-4 (green). Scale bar: 100 μm. Right: Representative images of a CA3 pyramidal neuron filled with the membrane impermeable Ca²⁺ indicator MagFluo4 (green) before and after G5-NH₂ application. Scale bar: 50 μm. Red and blue ovals indicate somatic and dendritic regions of the cell, respectively. B: Representative serial images showing Ca²⁺ enhancements in the circled astroglial cells in the stratum radiatum of the rat hippocampal slice. Scale bar: 50 μm. C: Fluorescence-time plots of the astroglial cells circled in B (Left) and the neuron shown in A (Right). D: Statistical evaluation of G5-NH₂ effects on astroglial Ca²⁺ enhancements: the number of cells showing Ca²⁺ enhancements (Left) and the average number of transients in 1 min (frequency) (Right). Horizontal bars represent significant differences at p < 0.05 level.