Figure 2

Synergy adjuvant enhances Th1 responses. Mice were immunized with either PbCSP antigen, the liposomal carrier, 20 μg IMQ in liposomes (IMQ-LS), 5 μg GLA in liposomes (GLA-LS) or the combination adjuvant (5 μg/20 μg, GLA/IMQ-LS), then spleen cells harvested and incubated with antigen. Panels A and B: ELISA determination of levels of secreted cytokines. Panels C and D: ELISPOT enumerations of the number of specific cytokine secreting cells. Significant differences between antigen alone, liposomes, IMQ liposomes, GLA liposomes, and IMQ/GLA liposomes were observed for the IFNγ ELISPOT (p-value < 0.0001), IL-5 ELISPOT (p-value = 0.0057), and the IL-5 ELISA (p-value = 0.0411). The differences for the IFNγ ELISA did not reach statistical significance. Symbols: * = significantly higher than Antigen alone;† = significantly higher than Liposomes alone; ‡ = significantly higher than IMQ-LS; § = significantly higher than GLA-LS. Single symbol: p < 0.05; Double symbol: p < 0.01; Shown are means with standard error.