Figure 3
From: Single wall carbon nanotubes enter cells by endocytosis and not membrane penetration
SWCNTs associate with membranes but not with sufficient energy to penetrate the layer. The initial monolayer pressure, Πi, was altered (increased by ΔΠ) by the addition of SWCNTs or PF-127. The MIP is defined as ΔΠ= 0 (ΔΠcrosses the x-axis). MIP for SWCNTs and PF-127 (Table 1) were close to but less than the insertion pressure of 30 - 35 mN/m required to penetrate a bilayer[31].