Figure 4From: Enhancement of the killing effect of low-temperature plasma on Streptococcus mutans by combined treatment with gold nanoparticles Viability staining of S. mutans cells. (A) Untreated control cells. (B) S. mutans cells treated with gNPs. (C) S. mutans cells treated with plasma only. (D) S. mutans cells treated with gNPs and plasma. All treatments were applied for 30 s, and cells were stained with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide. Images were observed under a fluorescence microscope (magnification, ×400).Back to article page