Technique | Parameter | Size | Localization | Limitations | Limit of detection (LOD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICP-MS | Mass | No | No | Error from NPs attached to culture plates | Ag: 0.05Â pg/cell TiO2: 0.31Â pg/cell |
SP-ICP-MS | Number | Yes | No | Spherical NPs only, high LODsize for TiO2 | Ag: 2.26 × 105 particles (22 nm)a, TiO2: 1.92 × 105 particles (69 nm)a |
LA-ICP-MS | Mass in single cell (relative measure) | No | Yes | Localization for small cells difficult | Ag: 78.5 pg per pippetted spot of 0.5 µl TiO2: not available in this study |