Fig. 3

Real-time recorded deflection of cantilever oscillation and analytic results of a HeLa cells and b MCF7 cells exposed to Au-NP and other toxic chemicals. a, b Plotted is deflection versus time for HeLa and MCF7 cells exposed to Au(13)-PMA NPs. The time point of injection of the NPs (3600 s) is indicated by the red line, and the onset of cell detachment is indicated by the blue line, which was automatically set the time point from where the decay of oscillation amplitude was calculated for each measurement. c, d Heatmaps of the damping constants for HeLa and MCF7 cells as derived from the different measurements for various agents at increasing doses