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Table 1 The main features of the most important reported methods for bacteria detection

From: Development of nanoparticle-based optical sensors for pathogenic bacterial detection

No.

Reference

Type of nanoparticle

Size (nm)

Bacteria detected

Method

Advantages

Limit of detection (CFU/mL)

1.

Joo 2012, [56]

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with monoclonal antibodies toward Salmonella

120

Salmonella

Immuno-magnetic separation

Rapid, and cost-effective

100

2.

Wang 2016, [54]

Polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified Au-coated magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4@Au@PEI) and concentrated Au@Ag nanoparticles (NPs),

300

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

SERS detection method

Simple operating procedure, total assay time 10 min.

100

3.

Qi 2016, [57]

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles

40–50

Desulforibrio caledoiensis

Fluorescence microscopy

Short detection time

25.8

4.

Gao 2006, [58]

FePt@Van magnetic nanoparticles,

<10

Escherichia coli

Coagulase-negative

Staphylococcus (CNS)

Fluorescence microscopy

Bacteria detection under 2 h

4

5.

Raj 2015, [59]

Cysteine gold nanoparticles (CAuNPs)

20 ± 2

Escherichia coli

Colorimetric method

Fast, visual method

100

6.

Li 2013, [14]

Streptavidin coated magnetic nanoparticles

36

Escherichia coli Salmonella

Vibrio cholera Campylobacter jejuni

Multiplex PCR

Simultaneous detection of four pathogens

100

7.

Cao 2011, [60]

Bimetallic Au@Ag core–shell structures

27.7 ± 6.8

Campylobacter jejuni

Immuno-magnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction

(IMS-PCR) method

Cost-effective, only basic equipment needed

100

8.

Sepunaru 2015, [61]

Silver NPs (AgNPs)

90.4 ± 3.6

Escherichia coli

Anodic particle coulometry technique

Single bacteria detection

Single detection

9.

Wang 2016, [62]

Au-coated magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs) conjugated with Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) antibody

190

Staphylococcus aureus

SERS detection method

Low limit of detection

10

10.

Cao 2014, [63]

Molecular beacon–Aunanoparticle

15

Escherichia coli

Real-time PCR

103 times more sensitive than traditional beacon probes

100

11.

Zhang 2012, [64]

Multifunctional magnetic–plasmonic Fe3O4–Au core–shell nanoparticles (Au-MNPs)

248.6 ± 35.8

E. coli

P. aeruginosa

A. calcoaceticus

SERS detection method

One-step concentration and detection

50

12.

Wang [65]

CdSe/ZnS@SiO2–NH2 nanoparticles

70

Salmonella typhimurium,

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

Fluorescence microscopy

High sensitivity

330

13.

Zhou 2014, [36]

Silver nanoparticles

30

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Dynamic SERS

Total assay time of 10 min.

250

14.

Wu 2014, [66]

Multicolor upconversion nanoparticles coupled with magnetic nanoparticles

20−30

Staphylococcus aureus

Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Salmonella typhimurium

Multiplexed Luminescence Bioassay Method

High specificity, simultaneous detection

10-15

  1. Magnet of luorescent nanoparticles. ACS Nano, 2011. 5(11): p. 8834-8841 [79]. Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society