Table 1 The observed positive effects of ZnO NPs on plants

Vigna radiata

22.4 ± 1.8

10 mg L⁻¹

NPs were synthesized by soil fungi

Increase in stem height and root length. Increase in phosphorus mobilizing enzymes and phosphorus uptake by 10.8%

[65]

Zea mays, Glycine max, Cajanas cajan, Abelmoschus esculentus

<100

25 or 50 mg Zn g⁻¹ seed

Seeds were coated with ZnO NPs

Improved germination

[47]

Coated seeds 93–100%

Uncoated seeds 80%

Triticum aestivum

30

100 mM Zn

Wheat plants were inoculated with Fusarium graminearum

Reduction in number of CFU of F. graminearum

[66]