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Fig. 3 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 3

From: Metal nanoparticles: understanding the mechanisms behind antibacterial activity

Fig. 3

Mechanisms of selected antibiotic classes and antibacterial resistance. a Illustration describing the antibiotic mechanisms of β-lactams (e.g. penicillin, carbapenems, cephalosporins), aminoglycosides (e.g. amikacin, kanamycin, gentamicin), glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin, teicoplanin, decaplanin), macrolides (e.g. azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin), tetracyclines (e.g. tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline), and quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin). b Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance develop by bacteria

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