Quantifying engineered nanomaterial toxicity: comparison of common cytotoxicity and gene expression measurements

Table 1 High-throughput qRT-PCR of NHBE cells treated with CdSe or InP QDs

Cell response pathway	Gene name	Fold change (5 µg/mL, 24 h)		Fold change (80 µg/mL, 6 h)
Cell response pathway	Gene name	CdSe-MUA	InP-MUA	CdSe-MUA	InP-MUA
DNA damage	CDK1	0.50 ± 0.15	0.21 ± 0.09	1.92 ± 0.10	1.15 ± 0.01
	GADD45A	1.18 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.09	*4.17* ± *0.95*	*4.95* ± *0.66*
	SFN	1.50 ± 0.04	1.75 ± 0.04	*2.84* ± *0.50*	0.86 ± 0.44
DNA repair	BRCA1	0.55 ± 0.07	0.18 ± 0.03	1.20 ± 0.05	0.96 ± 0.22
	BRCA2	0.57 ± 0.07	0.20 ± 0.02	*3.06* ± *0.48*	0.43 ± 0.17
	XPC	0.89 ± 0.02	0.79 ± 0.05	0.84 ± 0.15	*2.29* ± *0.15*
Mitochondrial function and repair	AHR	0.99 ± 0.04	1.11 ± 0.05	*2.18* ± *0.29*	*2.35* ± *0.43*
	CYP1A1	1.02 ± 0.11	1.17 ± 0.17	1.38 ± 0.35	0.17 ± 0.04
	CYP1B1	1.29 ± 0.02	1.16 ± 0.07	*3.19* ± *0.46*	0.70 ± 0.09
	DHFR	0.57 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.02	1.10 ± 0.10	1.15 ± 0.07
	UCP1	*2.29* ± *0.50*	*2.20* ± *1.64*	*4.32* ± *0.87*	*7.20* ± *0.51*
Proliferation	VEGFA	1.43 ± 0.05	1.44 ± 0.17	*2.18* ± *0.48*	1.21 ± 0.16

Cells were incubated with 5 μg/mL CdSe or InP QDs for 24 h or with 80 μg/mL CdSe or InP QDs for 6 h. Gene expression changes for different classes of cellular functions and processes were measured by qRT-PCR. Values are expressed as fold change relative to media controls (= 1.0). Italics values indicates a twofold or greater decrease in gene expression relative to untreated cells (≤ 0.5) while bold italics highlights twofold or greater increases in gene expression relative to untreated cells (≥ 2.0). All experiments were independently repeated three times (n = 3). Errors represent one standard deviation

ISSN: 1477-3155