From: Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles
P | Size | Sp | Appl | Exp | Regulated pathway(s) | St | Im | De | Pr | Mo | Me | Ve | Si | O | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Transcriptomics | |||||||||||||||
 Ag | 20 | Rat | Inhal | 381 µg/m3; 12 weeks | Kidney: cell cycle, xenobiotic metabolism, extracellular signaling |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  | X | [154] |
 Au | 4, 100 | Mouse | Iv | 426 mg/kg; 30 min | Liver: apoptosis, cell cycle, inflammation, metabolic process |  | X | X | X |  | X |  |  |  | [155] |
 CNT | 4 × 67, 0.8 × 11, 3.8 × 49, 5.7 × 49 | Mouse | It, oroph, inhal, | Meta-analysis | Lung: inflammation resembling different disease pattern |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [51] |
 Cu | 25 | Rat | Oral | 50–200 µg/kg; 5 days | Kidney: coagulation, cell signaling, amino acid metabolism |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  | X | [84] |
 C60, NiO | 60, 59 | Rat | Inhal | 0.12 mg/m3; 3 days–4 weeks | Lung: C60: immune process; NiO: ox. stress, inflammation | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [156] |
 SiO2 (Cd-doped) | 20 | Rat | It | 1 mg/animal; 7–30 days | Lung: circadian rhythm, inflammation, cell cycle |  | X |  | X |  |  |  |  | X | [157] |
 TiO2 | 5–6 | Mouse | Ig | 10 mg/kg; 90 days | Ovary: estradiol, progesterone metabolism |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | [88] |
 TiO2 | 5–6 | Mouse | Ig | 10 mg/kg; 90 days | Liver: inflammation, apoptosis, ox. stress, metabolic process, cell cycle, signal transduction, cytoskeleton, cell differentiation | X | X | X | X | X | X |  | X |  | [87] |
 TiO2 | 5–6 | Mouse | Oral | 2.5–10 µg/kg; 90 days | Spleen: inflammation, apoptosis, ox. stress, metabolic processes, ion transport, signal transduction, cell proliferation/division, cytoskeleton |  | X | X |  | X | X |  | X | X | [89] |
 TiO2 | 8, 20, 300 | Mouse | It | 18–486 µg/animal; 1–90 days | Lung: inflammation, all same pattern |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [85] |
 TiO2 | 10, 20.6, 38 | Mouse | It | 18–486 µg/animal; 1–28 days | Lung: inflammation |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [158] |
 TiO2 | 10.5, 10, 20.6 | Mouse | It, oroph, inhal, | Meta-analysis | Lung: inflammation resembling different disease pattern |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [51] |
 TiO2 | 20.6 | Mouse | Inhal | 42 mg/m3; 1–22 days pn | Liver of offspring: females retinoid pathway |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | [90] |
 TiO2 | 20.6 | Mouse | It | 162 µg/animal; 1–22 days | Lung: inflammation |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [86] |
B. Proteomics | |||||||||||||||
 TiO2 | < 25 | Mouse | Ip | 100 µg/animal; 7 days | Lung: ox. stress | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [159] |
 TiO2 | < 25 | Mouse | Ip | 100 µg/animal; 7 days | Liver: inflammation, apoptosis, ox. stress | X | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  | [160] |
 TiO2 | < 25 | Mouse | Ip | 100 µg/animal; 7 days | Brain: ox. stress | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [161] |
 TiO2 | < 25 | Mouse | Ip | 100 µg/animal; 7 days | Kidney: ox. stress, signal transduction | X |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  | [162] |
 TiO2 | 25 | Mouse | Id | 5 µg/animal; 24 h | Lymph node: inflammation, lipid metabolism, mRNA processing, nucleosome assembly |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | [163] |
 ZnO | 35 | Rat | Inhal | 12.1 mg/m3; 24 h | Lung: S100A8, S100A9, inflammation |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [164] |
C. Metabolomics | |||||||||||||||
 MnO | 10 | Rat | Iv | 10 mg/kg; 6–48 h | Plasma, urine, tissues: lipid, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  | [165] |
 PS, lipid polymeric | 50, 40, 143, 160, 165 | Mouse | It | 200, 500 µg/animal; 24 h | BAL: inflammation (all, hydrophobic > less hydrophobic) |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [91] |
 ZnO | 35, 250 | Rat | Inhal | 1–5 mg/kg; 24 h | BAL, lung: cell anti-oxidation, energy metabolism, DNA damage and membrane stability | X |  |  |  |  | X |  |  | X | [166] |