Table 1 Summary of conventional endpoints
Investigation | CeO2 | BaSO4 |
|---|---|---|
Retention analytics | ↑ lung burden (time- and concentration-dependent); ↓ clearance (≥ 1.0 mg/m3) | ↑ lung burden (time-dependent); rapid clearance |
Hematology/clinical chemistry (d90 + 1rec) | ↑ blood neutrophils | NAD |
BAL analysis | ↑ neutrophils, lymphocytes, total protein, LDH, β-glucuronidase (time-/concentration-dependent); post-exposure persistency | ↑ neutrophils; no post-exposure persistency |
Histopathology | ↑ particle-laden macrophages and inflammatory cell infiltrations (alveolar/interstitial/lymphoid tissue), bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia and fibrosis; post-exposure persistency | ↑ particle-laden macrophages and inflammatory cell infiltrations; intra-epithelial eosinophilic globules and mucus cell hyperplasia in the nasal cavity; partly post-exposure persistency |
Immunohistochemistry | ↑ γ-H2AX, 8-OHdG (genotoxicity); ↑ Ki-67 (proliferation); post-exposure persistency | ↑ Ki-67 (proliferation); partly post-exposure persistency |