From: Nanotechnology: a promising method for oral cancer detection and diagnosis
Detection method | Nanomaterial type | Surface functionalization | Cell line/sample/model | Characteristic | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic resonance imaging | Magnetic PLGA nanoparticles | Surface modified with folate-chitosan conjugate ‘shell’ | Prostatic cancer PC3 cells, oral cancer KB cells and normal L929 cells | Shorten the overall T2 relaxation time thereby enhancing the nanoparticle relaxivity to provide better in vitro MR imaging | [59] |
Gd3+ doped amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles | Conjugated with folic acid | HUVEC, PBMC, oral cancer KB cells and normal L929 cells | Enhance image contrast and agent biocompatibility for molecular receptor targeted MRI | [60] | |
Photoacoustic imaging | Plasmonic nanosensors | Directional conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and PEG | A metastatic murine model of OSCC | Offer a rapid and effective tool to noninvasively identify micrometastases | [77] |
Optical coherence tomography | Spherical Au nanoparticles | Conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and PEG | A standard hamster cheek pouch model | Enhance the contrast and penetration depth in vivo OCT images | [65] |
Surface plasmon resonance scattering | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Unconjugated or conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | Nonmalignant epithelial cell line HaCaT, and two malignant oral epithelial cell lines HOC313 clone 8 and HSC3 | Find specific molecular biosensor techniques for the diagnosis of oral epithelial living cancer cells in vivo and in vitro | [81] |
Surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy | Colloidal gold nanoparticles, self-assembled SERS-active gold nanoparticle monolayer film | Colloidal gold nanoparticles was conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | Saliva samples from 5 oral cancer patients and 5 healthy individuals | Develop a simple and cost-effective method for preparing highly sensitive SERS-based saliva assay | [63] |
Small spherical gold nanoparticles | Modified with a specific spacer DNA sequence in the core | Oral cancer HSC-3 cells | Improve the current temporal resolution and image quality of Raman-based cell images | [89] | |
Plasmonic GNRs | Absorbed on a piece of filter paper | OSCC cell line CAL27, exfoliated cells from 10 healthy individuals and 10 oral cancer patients | Enable highly sensitive, specific, rapid, and noninvasive cancer screening | [94] | |
Near-infrared absorption imaging | GNRs | Conjugated with Rose Bengal | Human OSCC cell line CAL27 and Tca8113 | Demonstrate multi-channel, rapid and quantitative detection of oral cancer cells based on near-infrared absorption | [93] |
Diffusion reflection imaging | GNRs | Conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | A tissue sample of OSCC | Map tumor margins in OSCC with high resolution and depth of penetration | [102] |
GNRs | Conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | A rat model of OSCC | Introduce a new and simple tool for detecting residual disease intraoperatively | [103] | |
GNRs | Conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | Tissue samples from 15 various dysplastic lesions, 10 OSCC lesions, and 5 healthy controls | Discriminate benign from malignant oral lesions with an objective GNRs reflection measurement | [104] | |
Quantum dots imaging | Water-soluble quantum dots | Conjugated with biotin and PEG | Human tongue cancer cells Tca8113 | Develop of a kind of water-soluble quantum dot for immunofluorescent labeling of cancer cells | [111] |
Goat anti-rabbit QD655nm-IgG | QD-IgG compound that binds to survivin and HSP70 by antigen–antibody reaction | Human tongue cancer cells Tca8113 | Evaluate the application of quantum dotsand the FITC labeling technique in Tca8113 cells, and to compare the fluorescence intensity and photostability of these techniques | [112] | |
Goat anti-mouse QD525nm-IgG and goat anti-mouse QD655nm-IgG) | QD-IgG compound that binds to HSP70 and HSF-1 by antigen–antibody reaction | Human tongue cancer cells SCC-25 | Develop a quantum dot-based approach for heat shock protein 70 and heat shock factor 1 kinetics following heat shock | [113] | |
Near-infrared quantum dots | Conjugated with membrane-penetrating polypeptides | Human oral squamous carcinoma BcaCD885 cells | Explore the competence of near-infrared luminescent quantum dots for visual in vivo imaging on oral squamous carcinoma BcaCD885 cells | [114] | |
Near-infrared quantum dots | Conjugated with arginine–glycine–aspartic acid | Nude mice bearing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Use intravenously injected near-infrared quantum dots conjugated with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid to generate high quality images of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | [118] | |
Near-infrared quantum dots | Conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | OSCC nude mice model | Investigate in vivo visible imaging of OSCC by targeting EGFR with near-infrared quantum dots | [119] | |
Near-infrared quantum dots | Conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | Orthotopic tongue cancer-bearing nude mice | Construct multifunctional Ag2Se–cetuximab quantum dots for targeted imaging and therapy of orthotopic tongue cancer | [117] | |
Saliva peptide finger print analysis | Nano magnetic beads | Have a magnetic core enabling weak cation exchange | Whole saliva samples from 40 OSCC patients and 23 healthy controls | Predict potential biomarkers for OSCC diagnosis | [125] |
Single biomarker detection | Gold nanoarray | Binded to the Fc region of the TNF-α capture antibody | Samples (type unknown) from an OSCC patient | Enable ultrasensitive detection of TNF-α | [35] |
Nano-bio-chip | Labeled with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | Brush biopsy from 41 OPMD or OSCC patients and 11 healthy volunteers | Provide rapid detection and quantitation of EGFR biomarker | [126] | |
Gold nano beads | Coated with antiCD63 IgG secondary antibody | Saliva samples from healthy volunteers | Explore quantitative approaches to biochemical characterization of exosomes | [127] | |
Multiplexed biomarker detection | Nanostructured microfluidic array | Combined gold nanoparticle surfaces with magnetic beads massively labeled with horseradish peroxidase enzyme labels | 78 serum samples from oral cancer patients and 49 cancer-free controls | Provide a rapid four-protein panel serum test | [129] |
Nano-UPLC | Label-free | Squamous cancer lines HN12, HN13, OSCC-3, CAL27 and normal epidermal keratinocyte noncancer line HaCaT | Develop a lable-free approach to identify and quantify proteins in complex samples | [130] |