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Fig. 3 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 3

From: Chiral polymer modified nanoparticles selectively induce autophagy of cancer cells for tumor ablation

Fig. 3

Activation of autophagy induced by l-PAV-AuNPs and d-PAV-AuNPs, respectively. a Cyto-ID Green dye labeled dots formed in MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with l- and d-PAV-AuNPs. Scale bar is 50 µm. b TEM images of the MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with PAV-AuNPs. The untreated cells were considered as control. The PAV-AuNPs form distinct, dark aggregates in the cells (green arrows). The PAV-AuNPs were localized in lysosomes (blue arrows) and autophagosomes (yellow long arrows), consisting of double layered membranes containing cellular debris. c The viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was measured after the cells treated with pre-treatment with or without 3-MA (5 mM) for 1 h. * and ** present p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively

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