Table 2 Synthesis of metallic NPs from various biological species

Bacteria

1

Bacillus cereus

Silver

20–40

Spherical

Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria

[157]

2

Pseudomonas proteolytica, Bacillus cecembensis

Silver

6–13

Spherical

Antibacterial activity against A. kerguelensis, A. gangotriensis, B. indicus, P. antarctica, P. proteolytica, and E. coli

[158]

3

Lactobacillus casei

Silver

20–50

Spherical

Drug delivery, cancer treatments, bio-labeling

[159]

4

Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae

Silver

28–122

Spherical

Optical receptors, electrical batteries, antimicrobial

[79]

5

Bacillus indicus

Silver

–

–

Antimicrobial, catalysis

[160]

6

Plectonema boryanum UTEX 485

Gold

< 10–25

Cubic, octahedral

–

[161]

7

Bacillus subtilis 168

Gold

5–50

Hexagonal-octahedral

–

[162]

8

Bacillus megaterium D01

Gold

< 2.5

Spherical

Catalysis, biosensing

[163]

9

Shewanella alga

Gold

pH 7: 10–20

pH 2.5: 15–200

pH 2: 20

Triangular

–

[164]

10

E. coli DH 5α

Gold

8–25

Spherical

Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin

[165]

11

Desulfovvibrio desulfuricans

Gold

20–50

Spherical

Catalysis

[166]

12

Rhodopseudomonas capsulate

Gold

10–20

Cancer hyperthermia

Triangular

[167]

13

Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum

Iron Oxide

47

–

Handle shaped cluster

[168]

14

Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum

Iron Oxide

40–50

Octahedral prism

–

[169]

15

Shewanella oneidensis

Uranium oxide

1–5

–

–

[170]

16

Klebsiella aerogenes

Cadmium sulfide

20–200

–

–

[171]

17

E. coli

Cadmium sulfide

2–5

Fluorescent labels

Wurtzite structures

[23]

Fungus

1

Rhizopus nigricans

Silver

35–40

Round

Bactericidal, catalytic

[172]

2

Verticillium

Silver

21–25

Spherical

Catalysis

[173]

3

Aspergillus fumigates

Silver

5–25

Spherical

Coating for solar energy absorption and intercalation material for electrical batteries

[174]

4

Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Silver

50–200

Pyramidal

Medical textiles for antimicrobial activity

[175]

5

Aspergillus flavus

Silver

1–8

–

Isotropic

[176]

6

Aspergillus niger

Silver

20

Spherical

Antibacterial agent

[177]

7

Fusarium semitectum

Silver

10–60

Crystalline spherical

Biolabelling

[178]

8

Cladosporium cladosporioides

Silver

10–100

Spherical

–

[179]

9

Cariolus versicolor

Silver

25–75

Spherical

Water-soluble metallic catalysts, labels for living cells and tissues

[180]

10

Fusarium solani

Silver

5–35

Spherical

Biolabeling, sensors, drug delivery

[181]

11

Penicillium brecompactum

Silver

23–105

Crystalline spherical

Antimicrobial agent

[182]

12

Penicillium fellutanum

Silver

5–25

Spherical

Thin film and surface coating

[183]

13

Phoma glomerata

Silver

60–80

Spherical

Antimicrobial agent

[184]

14

Alternata alternate

Silver

20–60

spherical

Antifungal agent

[185]

15

Trichoderma viride

Silver

5–40

Spherical

Antimicrobial agent

[186]

16

Verticillium luteoalbum

Gold

< 10

Triangular, hexagonal

Optics, sensor, coatings

[20]

17

Rhizopus stolonifer

Silver, Gold

25–30, 1–5

Spherical

–

[187]

18

Trichothecium sp.

Gold

10–25

Spherical, rod-like and triangular 

–

[188]

19

Fusarium oxysporum

Gold-silver alloy

8–14

Spherical

Biomedical field

[189]

20

Aspergillus terreus

Zinc oxide

8

Spherical

Catalysis, biosensing, drug delivery, molecular diagnostics, solar cell, optoelectronics, cell labeling, and imaging

[190]

21

Aspergillus flavus TFR7

Titanium dioxide

12–15

Spherical

Plant nutrient fertilizer

[191]

Yeast

1

MKY3

Silver

2–5

Hexagonal

Coatings for solar energy absorption and intercalation material for electrical batteries

[192]

2

Saccharimyces cerevisae broth

Gold, silver

4–15

Spherical

Catalysis

[193]