Table 3 Green synthesis of metallic NPs from various plant extracts

1

Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera)

Gold and silver

10–30

Spherical, triangular

Cancer hyperthermia, optical coatings

[194]

2

Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera)

Indium oxide

5–50

Spherical

Solar cells, gas sensors

[32]

3

Acalypha indica

Silver

20–30

Spherical

Antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens

[195]

4

Apiin extracted from henna leaves

Silver and gold

39

Spherical, triangular, and quasi-spherical

Hyperthermia of cancer cells and IR-absorbing optical coatings

[196]

5

Avena sativa (oat)

Gold

5–20 (pH 3 and 4),

Rod-shaped

–

[197]

6

Azadirachta indica (neem)

Gold, silver and silver-gold alloys

5–35 and 50–100

Spherical, triangular, hexagonal

Remediation of toxic metals

[198]

7

Camellia sinensis (black tea leaf extracts)

Gold and silver

20

Spherical, prism

Catalysts, sensors

[199]

8

Brassica juncea (mustard)

Silver

2–35

Spherical

–

[200]

9

Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree)

Gold and silver

55–80

Triangular, spherical (Au), and quasi-spherical (Ag)

–

[85]

10

Carica papaya (papaya)

Silver

60–80

Spherical

–

[86]

11

Citrus limon (lemon)

Silver

< 50

Spherical, spheroidal

–

[201]

12

Coriandrum sativum (coriander)

Gold

6.75–57.91

Spherical, triangular, truncated triangular, decahedral

Drug delivery, tissue/tumor imaging, photothermal therapy

[202]

13

Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemongrass)

Gold

200–500

Spherical, triangular

Infrared-absorbing optical coatings

[203]

14

Cycas sp. (cycas)

Silver

2–6

Spherical

–

[204]

15

Diospyros kaki (persimmon)

bimetallic gold/silver

50–500

Cubic

–

[205]

16

Emblica officinalis (indian gooseberry)

Gold and silver

(10–20) and (15–25)

–

–

[206]

17

Eucalyptus citriodora (neelagiri)

Silver

20

Spherical

Antibacterial

[207]

18

Eucalyptus hybrida (safeda)

Silver

50–150

Crystalline, spherical

–

[208]

19

Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen)

Silver

35

Spherical

Antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus

[209]

20

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (gardenia)

Palladium

3–5

–

Nanocatalysts for p-nitrotoluene hydrogenation

[210]

21

Syzygium aromaticum (clove buds)

Gold

5-100

Irregular

Detection and destruction of cancer cells

[211]

22

Jatropha curcas (seed extract)

Silver

15–50

Spherical

–

[212]

23

Ludwigia adscendens (ludwigia)

Silver

100–400

Spherical

–

[213]

24

Medicago sativa (alfalfa)

Gold

2–40

Irregular, tetrahedral, hexagonal platelet, decahedral, icosahedral

Labeling in structural biology, paints

[214,215,216]

25

Mentha piperita (peppermint)

Silver

5–30

Spherical

To kill microbes

[217]

26

Medicago sativa (alfalfa)

Iron oxide

2–10

Crystalline

Cancer hyperthermia, drug delivery

[218]

27

Morus (mulberry)

Silver

15–20

Spherical

Antimicrobial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis

[219]

27

Nelumbo nucifera (lotus)

Silver

25–80

Spherical, triangular, truncated triangular, decahedral

Larvicidal activity against malaria and filariasis vectors

[220]

28

Ocimum sanctum (tulsi; root extract)

Silver

10 ± 2 and 5 ± 1.5 nm

Spherical

Catalytic reduction

[221]

28

Ocimum sanctum (tulsi; leaf extract)

Gold and silver

30 and 10–20

Crystalline, hexagonal, triangular and spherical

Biolabeling, biosensor

[222]

29

Pear fruit extract

Gold

200–500

Triangular, hexagonal

Catalysis, biosensing

[223]

30

Pelargonium roseum (rose geranium)

Gold

2.5–27.5

Crystalline

–

[88]

31

Psidium guajava (guava)

Gold

25–30

Mostly spherical

–

[224]

32

Sedum alfredii Hance

Zinc oxide

53.7

Hexagonal wurtzite and pseudo-spherical

Nanoelectronics

[225]

33

Tanacetum vulgare (tansy fruit)

Gold and silver

11, 16

Triangular, spherical

Antibacterial, sensors

[226]

34

Terminalia catappa (almond)

Gold

10–35

Spherical

Biomedical field

[227]