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Fig. 9 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 9

From: Extracellular vesicles from regenerative human cardiac cells act as potent immune modulators by priming monocytes

Fig. 9

Hypothesized model of the immunomodulatory effects by CardAP-EVs. CardAP cells release EVs under unstimulated or cytokine stimulation (CardAPstim). Isolated EVs interact mainly with the CD14+ monocyte subset (Mo), leading to an enhanced CD14+ frequency and a changed phenotype marked by a reduced expression of HLA-DR and CD86, but enhanced expression of CD206 and PD-L1. We showed that the development of such a CD14+ regulatory myeloid cell subset is mediating the observed attenuated T cell immune responses

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