Fig. 9From: Extracellular vesicles from regenerative human cardiac cells act as potent immune modulators by priming monocytesHypothesized model of the immunomodulatory effects by CardAP-EVs. CardAP cells release EVs under unstimulated or cytokine stimulation (CardAPstim). Isolated EVs interact mainly with the CD14+ monocyte subset (Mo), leading to an enhanced CD14+ frequency and a changed phenotype marked by a reduced expression of HLA-DR and CD86, but enhanced expression of CD206 and PD-L1. We showed that the development of such a CD14+ regulatory myeloid cell subset is mediating the observed attenuated T cell immune responsesBack to article page