Synthesis and biomedical applications of nanoceria, a redox active nanoparticle

Table 12 Antioxidant activity

S. no	Particle size/morphology	Cell type	Observation	References
1.	3–5 nm	Adult rat spinal cord cells	A significant neuroprotective effect on adult rat spinal cord neurons were observed	[100]
2.	4 nm	Cardiomyocytes and human dermal fibroblasts	Dextran-coated nanoceria protects healthy cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress	[35]
3.	3–5 nm	Human colon cells (CRL 1541)	Nanoceria reduce ROS levels and protect healthy human colon cells from radiation-induced damage	[134]
4.	5–8 nm	Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs)	Nanoceria controls the oxidative stress in CPCs	[139]
5.	20 nm/cubic	Endothelial cells	CeO₂ reduces intracellular free radicals in endothelial cells and thus helps in controlling cardiovascular diseases	[135]
6.	5–80 nm/cubic	Neuron-like PC12 cells	CeO₂ scavenged ROS and exerted neuroprotection via regulating genes involved in cellular defense	[140]
7.	< 25 nm/cubic and triangular	A human epithelial lung cell line, BEAS-2B	Pre-treatment of CeO₂ significantly reduced the intracellular production of ROS induced by KBrO₃	[136]
8.	5 nm/spherical	NIH3T3 cells	Levan coated CeO₂ protected NIH3T3 cells against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress	[137]
9.	< 5 nm	Neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells	Showing beneficial effects in terms of neurite development and alignment	[141]
10.	30 nm	Brain tissue samples of rats	CeO₂ protected against Paraquat-induced neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis	[138]

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