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Table 3 Synthesis of nanoceria by green/bio-directed synthesis

From: Synthesis and biomedical applications of nanoceria, a redox active nanoparticle

S. no

Precursors

Medium

Method

References

1.

Cerium(III) acetate hydrate and egg white

Water

Bio-directed synthesis

[56]

2.

Cerium chloride heptahydrate and Acalypha indica leaf extract

Water

Green approach

[59]

3.

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate, gum tragacanth from Astragalus versus and ammonia solution

Water

Gum mediated synthesis

[65]

4.

Cerium chloride heptahydrate and Curvularia lunata culture filtrate

Water

Mycosynthesis

[63]

5.

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate and aloe vera leaf extract

Water

Green method

[60]

6.

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate, starch, and ammonium hydroxide solution

Water

Green synthesis

[66]

7.

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate and honey

Water

Green synthesis

[67]

8.

Gloriosa superba leaf extract and cerium chloride salt

Water

Green synthesis

[58]

9.

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate and fresh egg white

Water

Bio-directed synthesis

[57]

10.

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate and Hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract

Water

Green synthesis

[62]

11.

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate and agarose

Water

Bio-organic polymer-based synthesis

[64]

12.

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate and Olea europaea leaf extract 

Water

Green synthesis

[61]

13.

Cerium nitrate solution, pectin and ammonia solution

Water

Bio polymer mediated synthesis

[68]