Nanoantibiotics containing membrane-active human cathelicidin LL-37 or synthetic ceragenins attached to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles as novel and innovative therapeutic tools: current status and potential future applications

Table 2 Fractional inhibitory concentrations indices (FIC index) of combination of LL-37 with CSA-13 and CSA-131 against clinical strains of Escherichia coli from patients diagnosed with recurrent urinary tract infections

Strains	LL-37 + CSA-13 FIC index/interpretation	LL-37 + CSA-131 FIC index/interpretation
E. coli	1.03125/AN	0.078125/S
E. coli	0.53125/PS	0.25125/S
E. coli	0.53125/PS	0.15625/S
E. coli	0.0703125/S	0.1875/S
E. coli	1.03125/AN	0.15625/S

FIC values > 4 indicate antagonistic effect (AN); values between 4 and 1.01 indicate indifference (I); values between 1 and 0.76 indicate additive effects (AD); values < 0.76–0.5 indicate partial synergy (PS) and < 0.5 indicate synergistic effect (S)
AMP, ampicillin; E. coli, clinical isolate of Escherichia coli

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