Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of the CL bioassay concept for Hp detection. a MNPs were modified with gelatin (G-MNPs) followed by Hb bioconjugation onto the solid support (Hb-MNPs). The resulting nanoparticles were applied onto different milk qualities and separated through magnetic field attraction before CL analysis. The CL signal is inversely correlated to the inherent Hp content presenting b increased CL values of the healthy milk sample due to insignificant Hp content and c low CL emission of mastitic milk sample containing increased Hp concentrations