Oral delivery of exenatide-loaded hybrid zein nanoparticles for stable blood glucose control and β-cell repair of type 2 diabetes mice

Table 4 Pharmacodynamics results of the db/db mice after administrations with various formulations (n = 6)

Experiment batch	Formulation	Admin route	EXE dose (mg/kg)	BGL_min (%)	T_min (h)	T ^a_diff (h)	AAC_0–48 (h %)	PA (%)
Batch 1	Free EXE	s.c.	0.06	54.5	2	2–12	724 ± 381	100
	DIS NPs	p.o.	0.6	68.3	6	2–10, 36	951 ± 404	13.1 ± 5.6
	COM NPs	p.o.	0.6	59.5	6	2–12, 36	1345 ± 701	18.6 ± 9.7
Batch 2	Free EXE	s.c.	0.06	58.1	4	2–24	677 ± 369	100
	COM NPs	p.o.	0.6	65.8	4	2–48	1366 ± 298	20.2 ± 4.4
	COM-1 NPs	p.o.	0.6	65.1	6	2–48	1127 ± 381	16.6 ± 5.6
	COM-2 NPs	p.o.	0.6	74.3	6	2–48	1153 ± 569	17.0 ± 8.4
Batch 3	Free EXE	s.c.	0.078	49.5	4	2–24	989 ± 452	100
	DIS NPs	p.o.	0.78	85.8	4	4, 24–36	696 ± 385	7.0 ± 3.9*
	COM NPs	p.o.	0.78	70.3	24	4–36	1267 ± 334	12.8 ± 3.4
	COM-5 NPs	p.o.	0.78	82.0	24	10, 24	664 ± 342	6.7 ± 3.5*
Batch 4	COM NPs	p.o.	0.6	64.2	4	–	855 ± 268	–
Batch 4	COM-8 NPs	p.o.	0.6	71.9	2	–	923 ± 368	–

* P < 0.05 compared with the COM NPs group in the same batch
^aTime points at which the relative BGL of the treatment group was significantly lower than the BGL of saline group (P < 0.05)

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