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Fig. 1 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 1

From: Isolated cell-bound membrane vesicles (CBMVs) as a novel class of drug nanocarriers

Fig. 1

Isolation, doxorubicin loading, and morphology of cell-bound membrane vesicles (CBMVs). a Dynamic observation of the isolation process showing the same living endothelial cells (HUVECs) before and after detergent treatment (0.1% Triton X-100 at 37 °C for ~ 2–3 min) and after the 1st or 3rd or 5th PBS wash. Insets: schematic diagram showing the changes of the cells in the white box (red: CBMVs; green: nuclei; gray: cytoplasma). The disappearing red dots in the insets (i.e. isolated CBMVs) were collected for the subsequent drug loading. b Confocal microscopic images of isolated CBMVs loaded with doxorubicin (Dox-CBMVs; a movie was provided as Additional file 1: Movie S1 in the Additional file ). Left: differential interference contrast (DIC) image; middle: fluorescence image; right: merged image. c Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of isolated CBMVs (upper panel) and the Dox-CBMVs (lower panel)

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