Fig. 3
From: Isolated cell-bound membrane vesicles (CBMVs) as a novel class of drug nanocarriers
Cellular binding, internalization, and nucleus-targeting of isolated cell-bound membrane vesicles loaded with doxorubicin (Dox-CBMVs). a Confocal microscopic images of Dox-CBMVs (indicated by red arrowheads) binding onto the surfaces of endothelial cells (HUVECs). The cells were incubated with Dox-CBMVs at 37 °C for 1 h. b Confocal microscopic images of free Dox (upper panel) and Dox-CBMVs (lower panel) inside colon cancer cells (CT26.WT cells). a, b Left: DIC images; middle: fluorescence images; right: merged images. c Flow cytometry data of Dox-positive CT26.WT cells. Upper panel: representative; lower panel: statistical quantification of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). *** represents p < 0.001 compared with the control group whereas ### represents p < 0.001 compared with the free Dox group. In b and c, the cancer cells were incubated with free Dox or Dox-CBMVs (V–D in the graphs; at the Dox concentration of 10 μg/mL) at 37 °C for 2 h