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Fig. 2 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 2

From: MicroRNA-421-3p-abundant small extracellular vesicles derived from M2 bone marrow-derived macrophages attenuate apoptosis and promote motor function recovery via inhibition of mTOR in spinal cord injury

Fig. 2

BMDM-sEVs can be taken up by neurons and reduce Glu-induced cell apoptosis. a Immunocytochemical identification of primary mice spinal cord neurons. Scale bar: 100 µm. b A schematic diagram of Dil-labeled BMDM-sEVs co-incubation with primary mice spinal cord neurons. c Representative Dil-labeled BMDM-sEVs in primary mice spinal cord neurons. Red fluorescence indicate Dil-labeled BMDM-sEVs and blue fluorescence indicate nucleus. Scale bar: 20 µm. d TUNEL staining (red) to detect the apoptotic cells in neurons. Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 100 µm. e Quantitative estimation of the proportion of apoptotic cells in each group: control (untreated), glutamate (Glu) and BMDM-sEVs + Glu. BMDM-sEVs significantly reduced Glu-induced apoptotic cells, **p < 0.01. f Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins in neurons. g Relative expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins normalized to GAPDH (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). h Flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V/FITC/PI to detect the apoptotic cells in neurons. i Quantitative estimation of the proportion of apoptotic cells, ***p < 0.001

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