Fig. 5
Evaluation of ER stress. The ER stress caused by Ru-1 in the MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was observed using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The confocal fluorescence microscopic images of the MCF-7 (a) and HepG2 cells (b) were obtained after the treatment with Ru-1, TPP-PEG-biotin SANs, and Ru-1@TPP-PEG-biotin SANs at their IC50 concentrations. The bar graphs represent the average fluorescence intensities of p-IRE1α and p-PERK in the confocal microscopic images of the MCF-7 and HepG2 cells