Fig. 6

Intracellular lysosomal breakdown based on the monitoring of cathepsin D and LAMP1 in the lysosome. Lysosomal damage by the TPP-PEG-biotin SANs was observed in the MCF-7 (a and c) and HepG2 cells (b and d). The confocal fluorescence microscopic images of the MCF-7 cells were acquired after the treatment with Ru-1, TPP-PEG-biotin SANs, and Ru-1@TPP-PEG-biotin SANs at their IC₅₀ concentrations. Bar graphs represent the average fluorescence intensities of the cathepsin D, LAMP1, and Lysotracker in the MCF-7 cell line