Fig. 5From: Hafnium (IV) oxide obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology promotes early osteogenesis via activation of Runx2-OPN-mir21A axis while inhibits osteoclasts activityExpression of osteoclast-specific genes in 4B12 cells after 144 h of culture in normal condition or in the presence of HfO2. mRNA level of c.FOS, MMP9, PU.1, RANK, TRAP and CR1A was determined using RT-qPCR method. Gene expression data was normalized to the expression of GAPDH. Error bars represent the means ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Student’s t testBack to article page