Table 1 The nanoparticles with their capping agents conferring them with different biological activities

Chitosan

Liposomes

Antidiabetic

[68]

Parkia speciosa extract

Ag

Antioxidant

[69]

PVA

Ag

Anticancer

[70]

PEG

TiO₂

Anticancer

[71]

Chitosan

ZnO

Antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic

[72]

Chitosan

FeO

Antibacterial and antioxidant

[73]

Chitosan + PEG + PVP

Fe₃O₄

Anticancer drug delivery

[74]

PVP

WO₃

Anticancer

[75]

PVA

Mg

Anticancer

[76]

PVA/Guar Gum

Fe₃O₄

Anticancer

[77]

PVA

Cu

Antibacterial

[78]

Aloe vera extract

Fe₃O₄

Anticancer

[79]

Cellulose

Ag

Antibacterial

[80]

Alginate

ZnO

Antibacterial

[81]

Ethylene glycol

ZnO

Antifungal

[82]

Dodecanethiol

Ag

Antifungal

[83]