Fig. 3

The C-EVs accelerate the proliferation and migration of HUCMSCs. a The cytotoxicity of HUCMSCs was detected after treatment with C-EVs at different doses using the CCK-8 assay. The quantitative data are presented as the means ± standard deviations (SD) of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05. b Representative images of the live/dead cell staining of HUCMSCs after treatment with PBS, C-EVs, or TGF-β were obtained by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bar = 500 μm. c The apoptotic index was determined using flow cytometry analysis. (D) Quantitative estimation of the proportion of apoptotic cells from (C), the quantitative data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. e The light microscopic images from the scratch wound assay. Scale bar = 500 μm. f The quantitative analysis of HUCMSC migration at 6 h and 12 h, the quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. g The counts of HUCMSCs in different groups at 12 h. n.s. no significant difference, ***p < 0.001