State-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles as promising therapeutic tools against human bacterial infections

Table 4 Selected relevant pre-clinical assays based on novel drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of bacterial gastrointestinal infections

Bacteria	Loaded molecule	Polymeric matrix	Surface modifications	Dose	Admin. route	In vitro/In vivo model	Results	Ref
Helicobacter pylori	CLR	PLGA	AGS cells/PEG	200 μL	Incubation	H. pylori Sydney strain 1	CLR-loaded AGS-NPs demonstrate higer efficacy when compared with the free drug as well as a non-targeted NPs	Angsantikul et al. [91]
Helicobacter pylori	CLR	PLGA	AGS cells/PEG	30 mg/kg	O.g	C57BL/6 mice		Angsantikul et al. [91]
Vibrio cholerae	–	PLGA	GM1 / PEG	1 mg/mL	Incubation	V.cholerae N16961 ATCC cells	GM1-NPs show to function as toxin decoys by selectively and stably binding cholera toxin, and neutralizing its actions on epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo	Das et al. [84]
Vibrio cholerae	–	PLGA	GM1 / PEG	250 μg/mL	Intestine exposure	C57BL/6 mice		Das et al. [84]
Mycobacterium marinum	–	PLGA	–	5 μL of NPs	Oral intubation	Zebrafish	NPs are rapidly taken up in the intestine and transported to the liver and spleen	Lovmo et al. [93]
Campylobacter jejuni	CpG ODN	PLGA	–	5/25 µg of NPs	Oral treatment	Chickens	The microbiota of CpG ODN-NPs-treated chickens exhibits higher microbial diversity and lower numbers of Campylobacter than untreated-chickens	Taha-Abdelaziz et al. [85]
Salmonella typhimurium	cryptdin	Chitosan	–	10/15 μg of NPs	O.G	BALB/c mice	Infected mice treated with NPs show 83% survivability and approximately 2 log unit reductions in the bacterial load in the tissues versus 100% mortality observed with the free peptide	Rishi et al. [89]

AGS cells plasma membranes of gastric epithelial cells, ATCC Human HCA7 colon cancer cells, CLR clarithromycin, CpG ODN CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, GM1 monosialotetrahexosylganglioside, HCQ Hydroxychloroquine

ISSN: 1477-3155