Fig. 5

a Surface activity of voriconazole (VRC, blue) and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPH NPs, orange) at air/water subphase. Different compound concentrations (0–100 µM) were introduced into the subphase (10 mM PBS buffer, pH 7.4) of a Langmuir–Blodgett system, b DPPC monolayer interaction with VRC and LPH NPs for 2000s, c A549 cell lipid monolayer interaction with VRC and LPH NPs for 2000s and d change in surface pressure experienced with introduction of VRC and LPH NPs into lipid monolayers for initial 400 s