Fig. 2
From: Decrease in membrane fluidity and traction force induced by silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles
Change in pillar deflection, traction force, aspect ratio, and surface area of MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated HEK293 cells. a Schematic drawing of the measurement of the traction force (F) of cells treated with MNPs@SiO2(RITC) using submicron elastomeric micropillars. b Representative images of the concentration of MNPs@SiO2(RITC) inside the cell, pillar deflections, and magnified pillar deflections at the edge of the cell (left to right). Red arrows represent 356 nm of pillar deflection, whereas the white bar represents 8 µm. Yellow lines indicate the approximate cell boundary. The direction and length of the red arrow indicate the magnitude and direction of pillar deflection, respectively. c Aspect ratio of cells spread over the pillar array. d Average displacement of each pillar under the cell. e Average traction force of each pillar under the cell and f total traction force of pillars beneath the cell. Data represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs untreated control. #p < 0.05 compared between 0.1 and 1.0 µg/µL MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated cells