Fig. 5

Gene expression analysis of K⁺ channels (a–c), plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase (d) and K⁺ transporter (e) treated with CNPs in BY-2 cells. Gene transcripts level was measured in medium containing 46.88 mM K⁺, except for control group, and the CNPs exposure time was 12 h. Data represented the mean and SE (n = 3). Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference compared with control group and group containing 46.88 mM K⁺ without CNPs (p < 0.05)