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Fig. 2 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 2

From: MSN, MWCNT and ZnO nanoparticle-induced CHO-K1 cell polarisation is linked to cytoskeleton ablation

Fig. 2

a Characterisation of the MSN, MWCNT and ZnO NPs size. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of ZnO (diameter: ~ 44 nm) with a spherical shape, MSN with rod-like structure (width: ~ 200 nm, length: ~ 1040 nm), and MWCNT with rod-like structure (width: ~ 140 nm, length: ~ 980 nm). Below Figure represents the dynamic light scattering (DLS) profiles of 198 nm ZnO NPs, 667 nm MSN and 1474 nm MWCNT. Zeta-potential values were measured using DLS represented in the table with mean + SD. b Cellular uptake of MSN, MWCNT and ZnO NPs: CHO-K1 cells exposed with MSN15, MWCNT5, ZnO1 and ZnO5 NPs concentration induced both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Apoptotic cell with typical nuclear membrane dilatation (green arrowheads) and blebbing (asterisk). Moreover, we observed MSN in the cytoplasm in the late-stage MSN treated cells. The necroptotic cell death was preceded by intensive cytoplasm vacuolisation (v), disrupted cellular membrane, and cytoplasmic swelling (MWCNT early and late-stage). MWCNT late-stage treated cells, also showing crescent-like vacuoles and damaged mitochondria. ZnO1 and ZnO5 lead apoptotic cells along with nuclear condensation (N), nuclear membrane dilatation (yellow arrowheads) and blebbing (asterisk). ZnO1 and ZnO5 NPs were observed in the nucleus, and no other particle found in the nucleus. In addition, irregular nucleus (invagination of the nuclear membrane) shape was observed, especially ZnO1 and ZnO5 treatment. Violet arrows indicate the presence of nanoparticles. Abbreviations: Cy, cytoplasm; N, nucleus; Nu, nucleolus; V, vacuoles; DM, damaged mitochondria

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