Fig. 5

a Ternary plot: The distribution of proteins was observed in the center of the ternary plot under MSN15, MWCNT5, and ZnO5 nanoparticles, which indicate this phenomenon was global. GATA regulator, serine-type peptidase activity, carbohydrate metabolism, Zona-occludens protein 1, and histone H3-K4/K9/K20 trimethylation to be exclusively identified upon MSN15 stimulation. ER-phagosome pathway protein, AKT/mTOR pathway, Smad nuclear-interacting protein 1, condensin-2 complex G2 and nuclear coactivator 3 stimulated with MWCNT5. G-protein coupled receptor activity, UBX domain-containing protein 11 and 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were regulated by ZnO5 nanoparticle. b Clustering of protein from control, MSN15, MWCNT5, and ZnO5 NPs sample: A heat map was created using three biological replicates of control, MSN15, MWCNT5 and ZnO5 NPs sample, and initially data were transformed into log10 value for normalisation. The hierarchical clustering were performed using Pearson's correlation. Each column corresponds a sample, and each row corresponds a protein. The row Z score of each protein was mapped in color (scaled expression value). The dark color denotes proteins that are higher in abundance, and light color denotes protein lower in abundance. The hierarchical matrix was divided into five main clusters in the form of a profile plot