Fig. 5

Comparison of mortality of R. padi treated with nanochitin and combinations with commonly used insecticides. Experiments were carried out by a spraying contact, b continuous immersion method. A: ×3000 dilution of 10% Imidacloprid (WP), b ×1500 dilution of 40% Omethoate (EC), C: ×16,000 dilution of 40% Acetamiprid (WP), D: 50 mg/L NCs. The mixtures were made by volume of two components at ratio of 1:1. Data are the means of three measurements. Error bars represent one standard deviation. Different letters above the bars represent significance at p < 0.05