Fig. 5

Stability against centrifugation and dilution of the emulsions stabilized by CaCO₃ NP (4 % w/v) and TW80 (0.5 % w/v). a visual appearance of the two emulsions before and after centrifugation at 4000 g for 5 min, b creaming indices. Data are mean ± standard deviation of the triplicates. c Photographs of high internal phase and diluted MCT-water emulsions (φ = 0.8) stabilized by 4 % w/v CaCO₃ NPs and 0.5 % w/v TW80 taken at day 0 and day 7 after preparation. d Micrographs of two selected emulsions (φ = 0.8) stabilized by CaCO₃ NP and TW80, respectively, with different dilution ratios (2, 3, and 5 times) on day 0 and day 7 after preparation. Scale bars are 400 µm. Droplet characteristics of emulsions stabilized by CaCO₃ NP and TW80, from e to h: DSD with CaCO₃ NPs, mean droplet diameters with CaCO₃ NPs, DSD with TW80, mean droplet diameters with TW80