Fig. 4
Application of clinical samples with SiO2@Au–Ag NPs as a signal reporter by comparison with the standard in LFIA. a Color image test line (T) on each test strip (i: PSA standard (S), ii PSA < 0.01 ng/mL (1), iii: 0.80 ng/mL PSA (2), iv: 2.01 ng/mL PSA (3), v: 5.61 ng/mL PSA (4), and vi: 12.84 ng/mL PSA (5). b Measurement of signal intensity using clinical samples with the standard in the LFIA platform. Error bars represent standard deviations of the means for three batches of analyte measurements