Fig. 5

GO further exacerbated the cell inflammation induced by DSS in IECs. FHC cells were treated with 1% DSS for 0 or 4 h prior to culture in the presence or absence of GO. a CCK-8 was performed to assess the cell viability. b The relative mRNA expression of IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α using qPCR. c The intracellular production of ROS was tested using flow cytometry. d Flow cytometry was carried out to measure cell apoptosis. Apoptotic cell death was expressed as the sum of the percentage of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic cells. The results were expressed as means ± SEMs from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01