Table 1 The performance of the common intracellular recording systems
From: Nanotechnology: new opportunities for the development of patch‐clamps
Name | Electrode size | Cell type | Seal resistance | Recorded maximum amplitude for AP | Parallelization | Pathways for intracellular access | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patch-clamp | ~ 4 μm | Neurons (from Xenopus tadpoles) | > 1 gΩ | 80–100 mV | < 10 | Mechanical penetration | [27] |
Vertical nanowire electrode arrays | 150 nm | Neurons (Rat cortical neurons) | 100–500 mΩ | ~ 5 mV | Scalable | Electroporation | [12] |
Nanopillar metallic electrode | 100–400 nm | Neurons (Brain slices) | N/A | ~ 2.5 mV | None | Mechanical penetration | [1] |
V-shaped FETs | ~ 20 nm | Cardiomyocytes | N/A | 80 mV | Scalable | Mechanical penetration | [13] |
U-shaped FETs | 50 nm | Neurons (Dorsal root ganglia) | N/A | 5–20 mV | Scalable | Mechanical penetration | [51] |
Branched intracellular nanotube FETs | ~ 8 nm | Cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cell) | N/A | 75–100 mV | Scalable | Mechanical penetration | [55] |
Mushroom-shaped microelectrode | ~ 2 μm | Neurons (Aplysia) | > 100 mΩ | 2–30 mV | Limited by electrode size | Endocytosis | [32] |
Volcano-shaped nanoelectrode | ~ 2 μm | Cardiomyocytes (Rat cardiomyocytes) | > 100 mΩ | 1.5–20 mV | Limited by electrode size | Endocytosis | [17] |