Fig. 3

SeNPs induce the oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in human keratinocytes. a Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by JC1 staining to analyze the alterations in oxidation–reduction potential of mitochondrial membrane by SeNPs. b The percentage J-monomers population was depicted in bar graph. Whereas, the oxidative stress induced by SeNPs was determined by DCFDA staining. c The fluorescent images were captured at × 200 magnification and d mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was quantified and represented as bar graph. e Additionally, DCF fluorescent intensity was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Data represents Mean ± SD (n = 3). ^p < 0.05, ^^p < 0.01, and ^^^^p < 0.0001 are significantly different from the EGF group