Fig. 5

NPs modified with cRGD enhanced BRCA and HUVECs uptake of NPs and lysosomal escape occurred. a–c The cellular uptake of free RB and RB@CaP-NPs and RB@cRGD-CaP-NPs in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and HUVECs were detected by the fluorescence microscope. d–f Flow cytometry assays show the fluorescence intensities of RB and RB@CaP-NPs and RB@cRGD-CaP-NPs in cells for 4 h. g Blue fluorescence indicates the nucleus; Red fluorescence indicates the RB or RB@cRGD-CaP-NPs; Green fluorescence indicates the lysosome (LysoTracker); The overlap of green fluorescence and red fluorescence indicate that most free RBs were entrapped in the lysosome, while the green and red fluorescence separately existed in the NPs group indicated that most NPs were successfully escaped from lysosomes