Fig. 7

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of zebrafish larvae after exposure for 96 h to different concentrations (LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀, LC₄₀, and LC₅₀) of ascorbic acid (AA), CS nanoparticles (NPs_CS), CS nanoparticles containing AA (NPs_CS_AA), PCL nanoparticles (NPs_PCL), and PCL nanoparticles containing AA (NPs_PCL_AA), compared to the control. For the statistical tests, Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) followed by Dun test was used to evaluate differences among the groups, with α, β, δ, σ, and λ indicating statistically significant differences from the control, LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀, and LC₄₀ groups, respectively (n = 9)