Understanding the impact of more realistic low-dose, prolonged engineered nanomaterial exposure on genotoxicity using 3D models of the human liver

Llewellyn, Samantha V.; Conway, Gillian E.; Zanoni, Ilaria; Jørgensen, Amalie Kofoed; Shah, Ume-Kulsoom; Seleci, Didem Ag; Keller, Johannes G.; Kim, Jeong Won; Wohlleben, Wendel; Jensen, Keld Alstrup; Costa, Anna; Jenkins, Gareth J. S.; Clift, Martin J. D.; Doak, Shareen H.

doi:10.1186/s12951-021-00938-w

Table 2 The colloidal behaviour of TiO₂, ZnO, Ag, BaSO₄ and CeO₂ ENMs once exposed to DMEM complete media for 24 and 120 h.

From: Understanding the impact of more realistic low-dose, prolonged engineered nanomaterial exposure on genotoxicity using 3D models of the human liver

ENM sample	ENM concentration (µg/mL)	Exposure time (h)	pH	Size DLS (nm)		PDI	Zeta Pot. (mV)
ENM sample	ENM concentration (µg/mL)	Exposure time (h)	pH	Mean	Stdev		Mean	Stdev
TiO₂ NM 105	0.2	24	7.6	23	1	0.6	− 8.8	0.6
	0.5	24	7.7	108	64	0.3	− 10.2	0.6
	1	24	7.6	112	49	0.4	− 9.9	0.4
	2	24	7.7	226	46	0.3	− 8.0	0.4
	5	24	7.7	216	24	0.7	− 10.3	0.8
	10	24	7.6	282	22	0.6	− 9.8	0.6
	0.2	120	7.8	37	2	0.6	− 5.9	0.5
	0.5	120	7.8	97	21	0.3	− 10.0	0.8
	1	120	7.9	71	2	1.0	− 10.2	0.3
	2	120	7.9	232	24	0.5	− 13.1	0.9
	5	120	8.4	152	10	0.5	− 12.6	1.1
	10	120	8.0	275	10	0.4	− 10.1	0.7
ZnO NM 111	0.2	24	7.6	21	3	0.4	− 7.8	0.9
	0.5	24	7.7	25	3	0.6	− 6.7	1.6
	1	24	7.7	22	4	0.4	− 4.3	0.8
	2	24	7.7	20	1	0.4	− 7.7	0.5
	5	24	7.7	50	12	0.4	− 4.4	0.9
	10	24	7.7	74	43	0.2	− 8.3	0.8
	0.2	120	7.8	30	1	0.5	− 7.5	0.8
	0.5	120	7.8	28	1	0.8	− 5.8	1.2
	1	120	7.8	28	4	0.6	− 6.9	0.6
	2	120	7.8	40	3	0.6	− 6.8	1.8
	5	120	7.8	63	6	0.6	− 5.1	0.9
	10	120	7.9	36	1	0.5	− 9.2	0.5
Ag Sigma 576832	0.2	24	7.8	26	1	0.7	− 7.9	1.3
	0.5	24	7.8	43	13	0.4	− 9.5	0.7
	1	24	7.8	138	11	0.2	− 10.9	1.6
	2	24	7.8	244	166	0.3	− 10.0	0.8
	5	24	7.8	273	186	0.4	− 10.4	1.3
	10	24	7.8	308	36	0.3	− 11.3	0.8
	0.2	120	8.1	79	2	0.4	− 11.1	1.6
	0.5	120	8.0	73	2	0.4	− 11.2	0.3
	1	120	7.9	117	3	0.6	− 7.7	0.8
	2	120	8.1	89	3	0.4	− 10.8	0.9
	5	120	7.9	109	16	0.4	− 9.3	0.8
	10	120	7.9	150	16	0.3	− 7.5	0.7
BaSO₄ NM 220	0.2	24	7.6	20	1	0.4	− 8.6	0.5
	0.5	24	7.6	27	2	0.7	− 9.5	0.8
	1	24	7.6	21	1	0.5	− 8.1	0.9
	2	24	7.6	21	1	0.6	− 9.6	0.9
	5	24	7.7	32	1	0.8	− 9.6	0.2
	10	24	7.7	41	3	1.0	− 11.6	0.8
	0.2	120	7.8	51	1	0.6	− 4.1	0.9
	0.5	120	7.8	54	2	0.6	− 7.7	0.4
	1	120	7.8	59	1	0.6	− 8.1	0.7
	2	120	7.8	66	2	0.6	− 4.6	1.3
	5	120	7.8	80	1	0.6	− 8.3	1.0
	10	120	7.8	95	1	0.6	− 10.0	0.8
CeO₂ NM 212	0.2	24	7.6	21	2	0.5	− 6.5	0.4
	0.5	24	7.6	24	1	0.7	− 7.4	0.8
	1	24	7.7	109	53	0.4	− 6.6	0.2
	2	24	7.7	351	218	0.4	− 10.2	0.6
	5	24	7.7	598	446	0.8	− 8.1	0.9
	10	24	7.7	392	116	0.5	− 10.7	1.0
	0.2	120	8.2	76	1	0.4	− 7.0	1.3
	0.5	120	7.9	56	3	0.6	− 7.3	0.4
	1	120	7.8	98	4	0.8	− 4.5	0.5
	2	120	7.8	90	42	0.7	− 6.7	0.3
	5	120	7.9	114	1	0.6	− 9.4	0.7
	10	120	7.9	194	29	0.4	− 9.1	0.6

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