Fig. 2
Characterization and internalization of three types of exosomes. a NTA analysis of three types of exosomes reveals that they exhibit similar size ranges. b Morphology of three types of exosomes under TEM; the red arrows indicate exosomes. c Fe3O4 nanoparticles and SMF increase the production of exosomes in BMSCs. (*) p < 0.05, (***) p < 0.001. d Western blotting analysis of the exosomal proteins CD9, CD63, CD81, TSG101 and the negative marker Calnexin. e Uptake of red fluorescent dye (PKH26)-labeled BMSC-Fe3O4-SMF-Exos by BMSCs and HUVECs. f Statistical evaluation of fluorescence intensities at different times. (*) significant differences between the BMSC-Exo group and BMSC-Fe3O4-Exo group (p < 0.05), (#) significant differences between the BMSC-Exo group and BMSC-Fe3O4-SMF-Exo group (p < 0.05), ($) significant differences between the BMSC-Fe3O4-Exo group and BMSC-Fe3O4-SMF-Exo group (p < 0.05)