Fig. 4From: Pregnancy exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles causes intestinal dysbiosis and neurobehavioral impairments that are not significant postnatally but emerge in adulthood of offspringPregnancy exposure to TiO2NPs did not affect maternal behaviors of mice after delivery. The maternal behaviors were assessed at postnatal day (PD) 6 and PD8. A Effects of TiO2NPs on the frequency of eating of dams. B Effects of TiO2NPs on the frequency of drinking of dams. C Effects of TiO2NPs on the frequency of self-grooming of dams. D Effects of TiO2NPs on the frequency of self-licking of dams. E Effects of TiO2NPs on the frequency of pups-licking. F Effects of TiO2NPs on the frequency of nest build. G The pup retrieval test was performed at PD3 and PD5, and the latency of pups-retrieval of each group was monitored. Data were presented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical analysis was performed by using repeated-measure ANOVA or independent student t test or Mann–Whitney U testBack to article page