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Table 1 Analysis of lymphocyte proliferation in SPF chickens immunized with the O-2'-HACC/pFDNA i.n., O-2'-HACC/pFDNA i.m., pVAX I -F(o)-C3d6 i.m., live attenuated NDV vaccine i.m., O-2′-HACC i.m. and PBS i.m. groups

From: Intranasal immunization with O-2′-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine enhances mucosal immune response in chickens

Groups

Weeks post the immunization

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

O-2'-HACC/pFDNA i.n

0.604 ± 0.014a

2.490 ± 0.038a

3.213 ± 0.018a

4.141 ± 0.012a

4.410 ± 0.011a

4.384 ± 0.056a

4.360 ± 0.045a

3.930 ± 0.054a

3.228 ± 0.042a

2.983 ± 0.034a

O-2'-HACC/pFDNA i.m

0.568 ± 0.003a

2.350 ± 0.046a

3.086 ± 0.047b

3.705 ± 0.022b

4.145 ± 0.110b

3.756 ± 0.108b

2.668 ± 0.032b

2.345 ± 0.049b

1.986 ± 0.019b

1.639 ± 0.010b

Live attenuated NDV vaccine i.m

0.674 ± 0.008a

2.660 ± 0.015a

3.368 ± 0.040a

4.192 ± 0.016a

4.488 ± 0.015a

4.422 ± 0.012a

4.439 ± 0.078a

3.989 ± 0.014a

3.162 ± 0.055a

2.970 ± 0.031a

pVAX I -F(o)-C3d6 i.m

0.435 ± 0.018b

2.124 ± 0.006b

2.779 ± 0.017c

3.148 ± 0.047c

3.598 ± 0.013c

3.278 ± 0.017c

2.440 ± 0.005c

1.897 ± 0.009c

1.810 ± 0.010c

1.683 ± 0.011b

O-2′-HACC i.m

0.402 ± 0.004b

1.058 ± 0.060c

1.968 ± 0.019d

2.156 ± 0.011d

2.256 ± 0.038d

2.171 ± 0.012d

2.144 ± 0.010d

2.023 ± 0.040d

1.972 ± 0.017b

1.581 ± 0.037c

PBS i.m

0.306 ± 0.010c

1.301 ± 0.006d

1.924 ± 0.017d

2.085 ± 0.018d

2.117 ± 0.007e

1.905 ± 0.009e

1.879 ± 0.019e

1.839 ± 0.016e

1.702 ± 0.008d

1.459 ± 0.022d

  1. Values represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Values within the same column with the different lower case letters (a–e) in the superscript indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05)